{"id":1,"slug":"stem-cell","name":"Stem Cell","alternate_names":["줄기세포"],"aliases":[],"locale":"en","available_locales":["en"],"localized":false,"type":"medical","description":"Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that can divide to produce more stem cells or develop into specialized cell types.","overview":"Stem cells are cells with the capacity for self-renewal and differentiation into specialized cell types. Major categories include embryonic stem cells, adult (tissue-specific) stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). They are studied for regenerative medicine, disease modeling and drug testing.","official_url":null,"image_url":null,"country":null,"region":null,"wikidata_id":null,"wikipedia_url":null,"verified":false,"scores":{"authority":70,"trust":0,"citation":0},"topic":{"slug":"stem-cell-treatment","name":"Stem Cell Treatment"},"url":"https://worldwiki.io/entity/stem-cell","facts":[{"id":81,"predicate":"defining_properties","label":"Defining properties","value":"Self-renewal (dividing to make cells with the same properties) and differentiation (making other, specialised cell types)","unit":null,"confidence":80,"valid_from":null,"valid_until":null,"verified_at":"2026-09-18 06:34:42","source_ids":[182]},{"id":82,"predicate":"potency_classes","label":"Classes by developmental potential","value":"Totipotent (all embryonic and extra-embryonic tissues; in mammals only the zygote is confirmed), pluripotent (all three germ layers), multipotent (several cell types within one lineage)","unit":null,"confidence":80,"valid_from":null,"valid_until":null,"verified_at":"2026-09-18 06:34:42","source_ids":[182]},{"id":83,"predicate":"human_esc_first_derived","label":"First human embryonic stem cell lines","value":"Derived from human blastocysts by Thomson et al.; the cells could form derivatives of all three germ layers (Science 282(5391):1145)","unit":null,"confidence":80,"valid_from":"1998-11-06","valid_until":null,"verified_at":"2026-09-18 06:34:42","source_ids":[166]},{"id":84,"predicate":"ipsc_reprogramming_factors","label":"iPSC reprogramming factors (Yamanaka factors)","value":"Oct3/4, Sox2, Klf4 and c-Myc","unit":null,"confidence":80,"valid_from":null,"valid_until":null,"verified_at":"2026-09-18 06:34:42","source_ids":[183]},{"id":85,"predicate":"human_ipsc_first_reported_year","label":"Human iPSCs first reported","value":"2007, iPSCs made from human fibroblasts (Yamanaka group, published in Cell)","unit":null,"confidence":80,"valid_from":null,"valid_until":null,"verified_at":"2026-09-18 06:34:42","source_ids":[183]},{"id":86,"predicate":"nobel_prize","label":"Nobel Prize recognition","value":"2012 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine to Shinya Yamanaka (Kyoto University) for reprogramming mature cells into pluripotent stem cells","unit":null,"confidence":80,"valid_from":"2012-10-08","valid_until":null,"verified_at":"2026-09-18 06:34:42","source_ids":[183]},{"id":87,"predicate":"regulatory_status_us","label":"FDA approval status (US)","value":"The only FDA-approved stem cell products are cord blood-derived blood-forming stem cells (hematopoietic progenitor cells), approved only for disorders of blood production","unit":null,"confidence":80,"valid_from":"2024-04-09","valid_until":null,"verified_at":"2026-09-18 06:34:42","source_ids":[112]},{"id":88,"predicate":"unapproved_uses_us","label":"Uses with no FDA-approved stem cell product","value":"Orthopedic, neurological, cardiovascular/pulmonary and vision conditions, autism, chronic pain and COVID-19","unit":null,"confidence":80,"valid_from":"2024-04-09","valid_until":null,"verified_at":"2026-09-18 06:34:42","source_ids":[112]},{"id":22,"predicate":"definition","label":"Definition (NCI)","value":"A cell from which other types of cells develop","unit":null,"confidence":100,"valid_from":null,"valid_until":null,"verified_at":"2026-09-15 01:35:59","source_ids":[12]},{"id":89,"predicate":"regulatory_status_kr","label":"Korean regulatory framework","value":"Act on the Safety of and Support for Advanced Regenerative Medicine and Advanced Biological Products. A February 2025 amendment created the 'advanced regenerative medicine treatment' category: approved institutions may offer therapies after committee review, with Ministry of Health and Welfare review of treatment plans and adverse-event reporting","unit":null,"confidence":80,"valid_from":null,"valid_until":null,"verified_at":"2026-09-18 06:34:42","source_ids":[104]},{"id":90,"predicate":"research_guidelines","label":"International research guidelines","value":"ISSCR Guidelines for Stem Cell Research and Clinical Translation (2021), with a targeted 2025 update on stem cell-based embryo models, including a ban on transferring them into living hosts","unit":null,"confidence":80,"valid_from":"2025-08-11","valid_until":null,"verified_at":"2026-09-18 06:34:42","source_ids":[184]}],"relations":[{"type":"related_to","confidence":100,"target":{"id":12,"slug":"adipose-derived-stem-cell","name":"Adipose-derived Stem Cell","type":"medical","description":"Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSC) are mesenchymal stem/stromal cells isolated from fat tissue and expanded in culture; they are studied for tissue repair and are a component of the stromal vascular fraction.","url":"https://worldwiki.io/entity/adipose-derived-stem-cell"}}],"questions":[{"slug":"what-is-줄기세포-성형-stem-cell-cosmetic-surgery-and-is-it-proven","question":"What is 줄기세포 성형 (stem cell cosmetic surgery) and is it proven?","intent":"informational","language":"en","short_answer":"Stem cell cosmetic surgery (줄기세포 성형) is a marketing term, usually for procedures that use cells taken from the patient's own fat, often alongside fat grafting. A 2024 systematic review found that stem-cell-based products for aesthetic medicine had not received FDA approval. It also found that most studies were small and had short follow-up. The FDA lists fat-derived stromal vascular fraction as unapproved when offered outside clinical trials.","url":"https://worldwiki.io/q/what-is-줄기세포-성형-stem-cell-cosmetic-surgery-and-is-it-proven"},{"slug":"are-줄기세포-시술-stem-cell-procedures-approved","question":"Are 줄기세포 시술 (stem cell procedures) approved?","intent":"informational","language":"en","short_answer":"Only a few are. In the US, the FDA says the only approved stem cell products are cord-blood-derived blood-forming stem cells for blood disorders. The EU has approved Holoclar for one type of eye injury. Korea had approved four stem cell therapeutics as of 2019. Since 21 February 2025, Korean law also lets designated institutions offer regenerative treatment under approved plans for serious, rare or intractable diseases.","url":"https://worldwiki.io/q/are-줄기세포-시술-stem-cell-procedures-approved"},{"slug":"what-are-the-main-types-of-stem-cells","question":"What are the main types of stem cells?","intent":"informational","language":"en","short_answer":"There are three main types. Embryonic stem cells come from early embryos and can form all body cell types. Adult, or tissue-specific, stem cells are found in places such as bone marrow and blood, and usually produce only a limited family of cells. Induced pluripotent stem cells are mature cells reprogrammed in the lab to behave like embryonic stem cells. Umbilical cord blood stem cells are a further, blood-forming source.","url":"https://worldwiki.io/q/what-are-the-main-types-of-stem-cells"},{"slug":"how-do-i-check-a-줄기세포-병원-stem-cell-clinic-before-treatment","question":"How do I check a 줄기세포 병원 (stem cell clinic) before treatment?","intent":"provider","language":"en","short_answer":"Ask whether the exact product is approved for your condition by a regulator such as the FDA, the EMA or Korea's MFDS. If it is offered as research, ask for proof of ethics committee and regulator approval. In Korea, check that the clinic is a designated regenerative medicine institution with an approved treatment plan. Be cautious about testimonial-based claims, one treatment for many diseases, claims of no risk and paying to join a trial.","url":"https://worldwiki.io/q/how-do-i-check-a-줄기세포-병원-stem-cell-clinic-before-treatment"},{"slug":"what-is-the-difference-between-embryonic-stem-cells-and-ips-cells","question":"What is the difference between embryonic stem cells and iPS cells?","intent":"informational","language":"en","short_answer":"Both can form all three embryonic germ layers. They differ in where they come from. Embryonic stem cells are taken from early embryos (blastocysts); human lines were first reported in 1998. Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS cells) are made by adding a small set of genes to mature cells, a method first shown in mouse cells in 2006. iPS cells avoid using embryos and can be made from a patient's own cells for disease research.","url":"https://worldwiki.io/q/what-is-the-difference-between-embryonic-stem-cells-and-ips-cells"},{"slug":"줄기세포-연구-지금까지-어떻게-발전해-왔고-현재-어디까지-와-있나요","question":"줄기세포 연구, 지금까지 어떻게 발전해 왔고 현재 어디까지 와 있나요?","intent":"research","language":"ko","short_answer":"줄기세포 연구는 자기복제와 분화 능력을 가진 세포의 성질을 밝히고, 이를 질병 모델링, 약물 시험, 재생치료 개발에 활용하는 분야입니다. 주요 이정표는 1998년 인간 배아줄기세포주 확립, 2007년 인간 유도만능줄기세포(iPSC) 보고, 2012년 야마나카 신야의 노벨 생리의학상 공동 수상입니다. 다만 치료 적용의 상당수는 아직 실험 단계입니다. 연구 윤리 기준은 국제줄기세포학회(ISSCR) 지침이 제시합니다.","url":"https://worldwiki.io/ko/q/줄기세포-연구-지금까지-어떻게-발전해-왔고-현재-어디까지-와-있나요"},{"slug":"줄기세포-의료-현재-실제-치료에-쓰이는-분야는-어디까지인가요","question":"줄기세포 의료, 현재 실제 치료에 쓰이는 분야는 어디까지인가요?","intent":"informational","language":"ko","short_answer":"줄기세포 의료에서 효과가 확립된 분야는 주로 조혈모세포 이식(골수·말초혈액·제대혈 이식)입니다. 혈액암과 일부 혈액·면역 질환 치료에 50년 넘게 쓰여 왔습니다. 이 밖에 일부 피부·각막 재생 치료가 있으며, 국가별로 승인된 제품은 소수입니다. 정형외과·신경·심혈관 질환, 자폐, 만성 통증 등에는 미국 FDA가 승인한 줄기세포 제품이 없습니다. 따라서 치료를 고려할 때는 제품의 허가 여부와 적응증을 규제기관 자료로 확인해야 합니다.","url":"https://worldwiki.io/ko/q/줄기세포-의료-현재-실제-치료에-쓰이는-분야는-어디까지인가요"},{"slug":"줄기세포-전문병원-어떤-기준으로-확인하고-골라야-하나요","question":"줄기세포 전문병원, 어떤 기준으로 확인하고 골라야 하나요?","intent":"commercial","language":"ko","short_answer":"worldwiki는 특정 줄기세포 전문병원의 순위를 매기거나 추천하지 않습니다. 대신 공공 자료로 다음 사항을 확인하기를 권합니다. 치료의 법적 근거(첨단재생의료 실시기관 지정, 허가 제품 사용 여부), 세포처리시설 허가, 담당 의사의 전문의 자격, 비급여 진료비 고지, 부작용 대응 체계입니다. '전문병원'이라는 표현은 광고에서 쓰는 명칭일 수 있으므로 공식 지정 여부를 따로 확인해야 합니다.","url":"https://worldwiki.io/ko/q/줄기세포-전문병원-어떤-기준으로-확인하고-골라야-하나요"},{"slug":"줄기세포-성형이란-무엇이며-효과-근거는-어느-정도인가요","question":"줄기세포 성형이란 무엇이며, 효과 근거는 어느 정도인가요?","intent":"research","language":"ko","short_answer":"줄기세포 성형은 공식 의학 용어가 아닙니다. 주로 자기 지방에서 얻은 지방유래 줄기세포(또는 이를 포함한 세포 분획)를 지방이식 같은 미용·재건 시술에 함께 쓰는 방식을 가리킵니다. 이식한 지방의 생착과 조직 재생을 돕는다는 가설에 기반합니다. 그러나 연구마다 방법과 결과가 달라 효과와 장기 안전성에 대한 근거는 아직 제한적입니다. 미국 FDA가 미용 목적으로 승인한 줄기세포 제품은 없습니다.","url":"https://worldwiki.io/ko/q/줄기세포-성형이란-무엇이며-효과-근거는-어느-정도인가요"}],"sources":[{"id":12,"title":"NCI Dictionary of Cancer Terms: stem cell","url":"https://www.cancer.gov/publications/dictionaries/cancer-terms/def/stem-cell","publisher":"National Cancer Institute (NCI)","type":"government","publication_date":null,"accessed_at":"2026-11-11 18:00:14"},{"id":182,"title":"Basics of Stem Cell Biology as Applied to the Brain (in: Stem Cells in Neuroendocrinology)","url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK435799/","publisher":"Springer / NCBI Bookshelf (NIH National Library of Medicine)","type":"journal","publication_date":null,"accessed_at":"2026-11-10 18:00:05"},{"id":166,"title":"Embryonic Stem Cell Lines Derived from Human Blastocysts (Thomson et al., Science 282:1145–1147)","url":"https://courses.grainger.illinois.edu/bioe476/fa2019/paper%20readings/thomson_science_1998.pdf","publisher":"Science (AAAS); course copy hosted by University of Illinois","type":"academic","publication_date":"1998-11-06","accessed_at":"2026-11-10 18:00:02"},{"id":183,"title":"Shinya Yamanaka's 2012 Nobel Prize and the radical change in orthopedic strategy thanks to his discovery of iPS cells","url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3584592/","publisher":"Acta Orthopaedica (via PubMed Central)","type":"journal","publication_date":"2013-02-26","accessed_at":"2026-11-10 18:00:03"},{"id":112,"title":"Consumer Alert on Regenerative Medicine Products Including Stem Cells and Exosomes","url":"https://www.fda.gov/vaccines-blood-biologics/consumers-biologics/consumer-alert-regenerative-medicine-products-including-stem-cells-and-exosomes","publisher":"U.S. Food and Drug Administration","type":"government","publication_date":"2024-04-09","accessed_at":"2026-11-11 18:01:14"},{"id":104,"title":"New legal category of 'advanced regenerative medicine treatment' in Korea's amended regenerative medicine law: comparative lessons from Japan (Yoon, Lee, Kim)","url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13083794/","publisher":"Stem Cell Reports","type":"journal","publication_date":null,"accessed_at":"2026-11-09 18:00:50"},{"id":184,"title":"The ISSCR Releases Targeted Update to the Guidelines for Stem Cell Research and Clinical Translation","url":"https://www.isscr.org/isscr-news/the-isscr-releases-targeted-update-to-the-guidelines-for-stem-cell-research-and-clinical-translation","publisher":"International Society for Stem Cell Research","type":"organization","publication_date":"2025-08-11","accessed_at":"2026-11-10 18:00:08"}],"providers":[],"published_at":"2026-09-14 12:40:21","updated_at":"2026-11-12 05:20:00","verified_at":null}