{"id":724,"slug":"what-is-the-difference-between-embryonic-stem-cells-and-ips-cells","question":"What is the difference between embryonic stem cells and iPS cells?","intent":"informational","language":"en","url":"https://worldwiki.io/q/what-is-the-difference-between-embryonic-stem-cells-and-ips-cells","entity":{"slug":"stem-cell","name":"Stem Cell","url":"https://worldwiki.io/entity/stem-cell"},"answer":{"short_answer":"Both can form all three embryonic germ layers. They differ in where they come from. Embryonic stem cells are taken from early embryos (blastocysts); human lines were first reported in 1998. Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS cells) are made by adding a small set of genes to mature cells, a method first shown in mouse cells in 2006. iPS cells avoid using embryos and can be made from a patient's own cells for disease research.","detailed_answer":"<p>The 2012 Nobel Prize recognised the discovery that mature cells can be reprogrammed to become pluripotent <span class=\"ref\">[4]</span>. <span class=\"ref\">[3]</span></p>","format":"paragraph","confidence":75,"verified_at":"2026-09-18 07:10:23","updated_at":"2026-09-18 16:10:23"},"sources":[{"id":165,"title":"Stem Cells","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/stemcells.html","publisher":"MedlinePlus, U.S. National Library of Medicine","type":"government","accessed_at":"2026-09-18 18:01:24"},{"id":12,"title":"NCI Dictionary of Cancer Terms: stem cell","url":"https://www.cancer.gov/publications/dictionaries/cancer-terms/def/stem-cell","publisher":"National Cancer Institute (NCI)","type":"government","accessed_at":"2026-09-19 18:01:04"},{"id":166,"title":"Embryonic Stem Cell Lines Derived from Human Blastocysts (Thomson et al., Science 282:1145–1147)","url":"https://courses.grainger.illinois.edu/bioe476/fa2019/paper%20readings/thomson_science_1998.pdf","publisher":"Science (AAAS); course copy hosted by University of Illinois","type":"academic","accessed_at":"2026-09-18 18:01:26"},{"id":167,"title":"Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2012 awarded for discovery that mature cells can be reprogrammed to become pluripotent","url":"https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/10/121008082955.htm","publisher":"ScienceDaily (Nobel Assembly at Karolinska Institutet release)","type":"news","accessed_at":"2026-09-18 18:01:26"},{"id":168,"title":"Stem Cell Transplants in Cancer Treatment","url":"https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/types/stem-cell-transplant","publisher":"National Cancer Institute","type":"government","accessed_at":"2026-09-18 18:01:27"},{"id":115,"title":"Holoclar – EPAR","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/holoclar","publisher":"European Medicines Agency","type":"government","accessed_at":"2026-09-19 18:01:35"},{"id":96,"title":"Important Patient and Consumer Information About Regenerative Medicine Therapies","url":"https://www.fda.gov/vaccines-blood-biologics/consumers-biologics/important-patient-and-consumer-information-about-regenerative-medicine-therapies","publisher":"U.S. Food and Drug Administration","type":"government","accessed_at":"2026-09-18 18:00:38"},{"id":99,"title":"Stem Cell Resources for Patients","url":"https://www.isscr.org/patients","publisher":"International Society for Stem Cell Research (ISSCR)","type":"organization","accessed_at":"2026-09-19 18:01:26"},{"id":169,"title":"규제 완화 3년 허가 0건...안풀리는 줄기세포치료제","url":"https://www.dailypharm.com/user/news/77880","publisher":"데일리팜 (Dailypharm)","type":"news","accessed_at":"2026-09-18 18:01:27"},{"id":94,"title":"첨단재생의료 및 첨단바이오의약품 안전 및 지원에 관한 법률의 개정 및 시행과 그 시사점","url":"https://www.shinkim.com/kor/media/newsletter/2728","publisher":"법무법인(유) 세종","type":"industry","accessed_at":"2026-09-19 18:01:25"},{"id":170,"title":"A Comparative Analysis of the Advances in Stem Cell Therapy in Plastic Surgery: A Systematic Review of Current Applications and Future Directions","url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11404395/","publisher":"Cureus (via PubMed Central)","type":"journal","accessed_at":"2026-09-18 18:01:27"}],"published_at":"2026-09-18 07:10:23"}