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IR 8202, Blockchain Technology Overview

National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)

accessed Sep 18, 2026Updated Sep 19, 2026
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https://csrc.nist.gov/pubs/ir/8202/final

csrc.nist.gov

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Cited by (19)

FactBlockchain: Definition (NIST) = Tamper-evident and tamper-resistant digital ledgers implemented in a distributed fashion, without a central repositoryFactBlockchain: Central authority = Usually operates without a central authority such as a bank, company or governmentFactBlockchain: Immutability = Under normal network operation, no transaction can be changed once publishedFactBlockchain: US government reference document = NIST IR 8202, Blockchain Technology Overview (Yaga, Mell, Roby, Scarfone), DOI 10.6028/NIST.IR.8202FactBlockchain Mainnet: How protocol changes happen = Through soft forks and hard forks, which NIST IR 8202 covers among blockchain conceptsFactBlockchain Mainnet Development: Consensus models described by NIST = Proof of work, proof of stake, round robin, proof of authority, proof of identity, proof of elapsed timeFactBlockchain Mainnet Development: Protocol change mechanism = Changes to a live blockchain are made through soft forks or hard forksAnswerIs blockchain the same as Bitcoin?AnswerWhat is the difference between a public and a private blockchain?AnswerCan a blockchain be hacked or changed?AnswerHow much energy does blockchain use?AnswerWhat is a smart contract on a blockchain?AnswerWhat is the difference between mainnet and testnet?AnswerWhat is a genesis block and genesis file in mainnet launch?AnswerShould you fork an existing blockchain or build a new mainnet from scratch?AnswerHow are blockchain mainnet upgrades (hard forks) rolled out?AnswerWhat security checks are needed before a mainnet launch?ArticleBlockchain: Definition, How It Works, Types, History, Uses and LimitationsArticleBlockchain Mainnet Development: Components, Build Approaches, Genesis Launch, Security and Upgrades