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Cryopreservation and its clinical applications

Integrative Medicine Research (Jang TH et al.), via PubMed Central

accessed Sep 18, 2026Updated Sep 19, 2026
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https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5395684/

pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

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FactCryopreservation: Typical long-term storage temperature = About −196 °C (liquid nitrogen) °CFactCryopreservation: Main methods = Slow freezing (about 1 °C/min, low cryoprotectant concentration) and vitrification (40–60% cryoprotectant, rapid cooling, no ice crystals)FactCryopreservation: Common cryoprotective agents = DMSO, glycerol, and polymers such as polyethylene glycol and hydroxyethyl starchFactCryopreservation: Main causes of freezing injury = Ice forming inside cells (fast cooling) and osmotic stress from concentrated solutes (slow cooling)FactCryopreservation: Clinical applications = Oocytes and embryos, sperm, stem cells (embryonic, mesenchymal, hematopoietic), hepatocytes, blood products and bone marrow