Medical · Stem Cell
Stem Cell
Also known as: 줄기세포
Published Sep 14, 2026Updated Nov 12, 2026
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Definition
Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that can divide to produce more stem cells or develop into specialized cell types.
Quick answer
What is 줄기세포 성형 (stem cell cosmetic surgery) and is it proven?
Stem cell cosmetic surgery (줄기세포 성형) is a marketing term, usually for procedures that use cells taken from the patient's own fat, often alongside fat grafting. A 2024 systematic review found that stem-cell-based products for aesthetic medicine had not received FDA approval. It also found that most studies were small and had short follow-up. The FDA lists fat-derived stromal vascular fraction as unapproved when offered outside clinical trials.
Verified Sep 18, 2026
Key facts
| Predicate | Value | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Defining properties | Self-renewal (dividing to make cells with the same properties) and differentiation (making other, specialised cell types) | [2]journalBasics of Stem Cell Biology as Applied to the Brain (in: Stem Cells in Neuroendocrinology)Springer / NCBI Bookshelf (NIH National Library of Medicine) |
| Classes by developmental potential | Totipotent (all embryonic and extra-embryonic tissues; in mammals only the zygote is confirmed), pluripotent (all three germ layers), multipotent (several cell types within one lineage) | [2]journalBasics of Stem Cell Biology as Applied to the Brain (in: Stem Cells in Neuroendocrinology)Springer / NCBI Bookshelf (NIH National Library of Medicine) |
| First human embryonic stem cell lines | Derived from human blastocysts by Thomson et al.; the cells could form derivatives of all three germ layers (Science 282(5391):1145)as of Nov 6, 1998 | [3]academicEmbryonic Stem Cell Lines Derived from Human Blastocysts (Thomson et al., Science 282:1145–1147)Science (AAAS); course copy hosted by University of Illinois |
| iPSC reprogramming factors (Yamanaka factors) | Oct3/4, Sox2, Klf4 and c-Myc | [4]journalShinya Yamanaka's 2012 Nobel Prize and the radical change in orthopedic strategy thanks to his discovery of iPS cellsActa Orthopaedica (via PubMed Central) |
| Human iPSCs first reported | 2007, iPSCs made from human fibroblasts (Yamanaka group, published in Cell) | [4]journalShinya Yamanaka's 2012 Nobel Prize and the radical change in orthopedic strategy thanks to his discovery of iPS cellsActa Orthopaedica (via PubMed Central) |
| Nobel Prize recognition | 2012 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine to Shinya Yamanaka (Kyoto University) for reprogramming mature cells into pluripotent stem cellsas of Oct 8, 2012 | [4]journalShinya Yamanaka's 2012 Nobel Prize and the radical change in orthopedic strategy thanks to his discovery of iPS cellsActa Orthopaedica (via PubMed Central) |
| FDA approval status (US) | The only FDA-approved stem cell products are cord blood-derived blood-forming stem cells (hematopoietic progenitor cells), approved only for disorders of blood productionas of Apr 9, 2024 | [5]governmentConsumer Alert on Regenerative Medicine Products Including Stem Cells and ExosomesU.S. Food and Drug Administration |
| Uses with no FDA-approved stem cell product | Orthopedic, neurological, cardiovascular/pulmonary and vision conditions, autism, chronic pain and COVID-19as of Apr 9, 2024 | [5]governmentConsumer Alert on Regenerative Medicine Products Including Stem Cells and ExosomesU.S. Food and Drug Administration |
| Definition (NCI) | A cell from which other types of cells develop | [1]governmentNCI Dictionary of Cancer Terms: stem cellNational Cancer Institute (NCI) |
| Korean regulatory framework | Act on the Safety of and Support for Advanced Regenerative Medicine and Advanced Biological Products. A February 2025 amendment created the 'advanced regenerative medicine treatment' category: approved institutions may offer therapies after committee review, with Ministry of Health and Welfare review of treatment plans and adverse-event reporting | [6]journalNew legal category of 'advanced regenerative medicine treatment' in Korea's amended regenerative medicine law: comparative lessons from Japan (Yoon, Lee, Kim)Stem Cell Reports |
| International research guidelines | ISSCR Guidelines for Stem Cell Research and Clinical Translation (2021), with a targeted 2025 update on stem cell-based embryo models, including a ban on transferring them into living hostsas of Aug 11, 2025 | [7]organizationThe ISSCR Releases Targeted Update to the Guidelines for Stem Cell Research and Clinical TranslationInternational Society for Stem Cell Research |
Overview
Stem cells are cells with the capacity for self-renewal and differentiation into specialized cell types. Major categories include embryonic stem cells, adult (tissue-specific) stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). They are studied for regenerative medicine, disease modeling and drug testing.
References
Independent source ratio 100% (7/7)Level A · 2Level B · 3Level C · 2
- Level A · governmentNCI Dictionary of Cancer Terms: stem cell — National Cancer Institute (NCI) · accessed Nov 12, 2026 · Evidence page
- Level B · journalBasics of Stem Cell Biology as Applied to the Brain (in: Stem Cells in Neuroendocrinology) — Springer / NCBI Bookshelf (NIH National Library of Medicine) · accessed Nov 11, 2026 · Evidence page
- Level C · academicEmbryonic Stem Cell Lines Derived from Human Blastocysts (Thomson et al., Science 282:1145–1147) — Science (AAAS); course copy hosted by University of Illinois · accessed Nov 11, 2026 · Evidence page
- Level B · journalShinya Yamanaka's 2012 Nobel Prize and the radical change in orthopedic strategy thanks to his discovery of iPS cells — Acta Orthopaedica (via PubMed Central) · accessed Nov 11, 2026 · Evidence page
- Level A · governmentConsumer Alert on Regenerative Medicine Products Including Stem Cells and Exosomes — U.S. Food and Drug Administration · accessed Nov 12, 2026 · Evidence page
- Level B · journalNew legal category of 'advanced regenerative medicine treatment' in Korea's amended regenerative medicine law: comparative lessons from Japan (Yoon, Lee, Kim) — Stem Cell Reports · accessed Nov 10, 2026 · Evidence page
- Level C · organizationThe ISSCR Releases Targeted Update to the Guidelines for Stem Cell Research and Clinical Translation — International Society for Stem Cell Research · accessed Nov 11, 2026 · Evidence page
Change history
Initial publication · Sep 14, 2026