Adipose-derived Stem Cell
Also known as: adipose-derived stromal cell, ADSC, ASC
Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSC) are mesenchymal stem/stromal cells isolated from fat tissue and expanded in culture; they are studied for tissue repair and are a component of the stromal vascular fraction.
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Key facts
| Predicate | Value | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Consensus definition | Plastic-adherent, cultured and serially passaged, multipotent cell population from adipose tissue (IFATS/ISCT joint statement, Bourin et al., Cytotherapy 2013) | [3]journalAdipose-derived mesenchymal stromal/stem cells: An update on their phenotype in vivo and in vitroWorld Journal of Stem Cells (via PubMed Central) |
| Surface marker profile (cultured ASC) | CD73+/CD90+/CD105+/CD44+, CD45−/CD31−; CD36 expression reported to help distinguish ASC from bone marrow MSC | [3]journalAdipose-derived mesenchymal stromal/stem cells: An update on their phenotype in vivo and in vitroWorld Journal of Stem Cells (via PubMed Central) |
| In vitro differentiation | Adipogenic, osteogenic, chondrogenic and myogenic lineages | [4]journalAdipose Stem Cells: From Bench to BedsideStem Cells International (Ferraro, Mizuno, Pallua; via PubMed Central) |
| Cell class | Mesenchymal stem/stromal cell (adult, multipotent) | [1]governmentStem Cell BasicsNational Institutes of Health (NIH) |
| First described as multilineage cells from lipoaspirate | 2001 (Zuk et al., 'processed lipoaspirate' cells) | [4]journalAdipose Stem Cells: From Bench to BedsideStem Cells International (Ferraro, Mizuno, Pallua; via PubMed Central) |
| Relation to SVF | ADSC are a minority population within SVF and are typically culture-expanded to obtain a purer product | [2]academicAdvancing fat graft survival: from adipose-derived stem cell mechanisms to next-generation regenerative strategiesFrontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology (2026) |
| Korea MFDS approvals | Queencell (Anterogen, autologous, subcutaneous tissue defects, 2010); Cupistem (Anterogen, autologous, Crohn's fistula, 2012)as of Sep 1, 2023 | [5]journalMesenchymal Stem Cell Therapies Approved by Regulatory Agencies around the World (Fernández-Garza LE, et al., Pharmaceuticals 16(9):1334)Pharmaceuticals (MDPI) |
| EU status of darvadstrocel (Alofisel) | Allogeneic adipose-derived product; authorised 2018-03-23 for complex perianal fistulas in Crohn's disease; marketing authorisation withdrawn 2024-12-13 at holder's requestas of Dec 13, 2024 | [6]governmentAlofisel: EPAREuropean Medicines Agency |
| Phase 3 confirmatory trial result (ADMIRE-CD II) (official claim) | 568 patients; primary endpoint (combined remission at 24 weeks) not met; no statistical difference in secondary endpoints patientsas of Dec 13, 2024 | [7]industryTakeda Update on Alofisel (darvadstrocel)Takeda Pharmaceutical Company |
| US FDA approval status | No adipose-derived MSC product listed as FDA-approved in a 2023 review of approved MSC therapies worldwideas of Sep 1, 2023 | [5]journalMesenchymal Stem Cell Therapies Approved by Regulatory Agencies around the World (Fernández-Garza LE, et al., Pharmaceuticals 16(9):1334)Pharmaceuticals (MDPI) |
| US court ruling on adipose-derived cell products | Ninth Circuit (US v. California Stem Cell Treatment Center, 2024-09-27): enzymatically processed adipose SVF is not covered by the same-surgical-procedure exception, and the products are drugs that need premarket approvalas of Sep 27, 2024 | [8]industryNinth Circuit Confirms: Certain Stem Cell Products Require FDA Premarket ApprovalCooley LLP |
| Example post-approval study (Korea) | Phase IV study of autologous adipose-derived stem cells (Anterogen) in children with refractory Crohn's complex fistulaas of Jan 1, 2021 | [9]journalEfficacy and safety of autologous adipose tissue-derived stem cell therapy for children with refractory Crohn's complex fistula: a Phase IV clinical studyAnnals of Surgical Treatment and Research (Cho YJ et al.; via PubMed Central) |
Overview
Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSC/ASC), also called adipose-derived stromal/stem cells, are plastic-adherent, multipotent cells obtained by enzymatic digestion of fat tissue and expanded in culture. In the laboratory they can differentiate into fat, bone, cartilage and muscle-like cells. A 2013 IFATS/ISCT joint statement defines them by markers including CD73, CD90 and CD105 and by the absence of CD45 and CD31. They have been studied for fistulas, soft-tissue defects and wound healing. South Korea's MFDS approved autologous ADSC products (Queencell 2010, Cupistem 2012). The EU authorisation of the allogeneic product darvadstrocel (Alofisel) was withdrawn in 2024 after a failed phase 3 trial. The FDA has not approved any adipose-derived MSC product, and US courts have treated processed fat-derived cells as drugs. Readers should check a product's approval status, the trial registration and how the cells were characterized.
Verified providers
Sponsored listings are labeled. Verification is independent of payment.SC301의원
SC301의원 (SC301 Clinic) is a plastic surgery clinic in Gangnam, Seoul, South Korea whose official site presents SVF (stromal vascular fraction) fat grafting for the breast and face, liposuction, lifting and cell banking as its main services.
View providerReferences
Independent source ratio 83% (10/12)- Level A · governmentStem Cell Basics — National Institutes of Health (NIH) · accessed Sep 15, 2026 · Evidence page
- Level B · academicAdvancing fat graft survival: from adipose-derived stem cell mechanisms to next-generation regenerative strategies — Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology (2026) · accessed Nov 12, 2026 · Evidence page
- Level B · journalAdipose-derived mesenchymal stromal/stem cells: An update on their phenotype in vivo and in vitro — World Journal of Stem Cells (via PubMed Central) · accessed Nov 11, 2026 · Evidence page
- Level B · journalAdipose Stem Cells: From Bench to Bedside — Stem Cells International (Ferraro, Mizuno, Pallua; via PubMed Central) · accessed Nov 11, 2026 · Evidence page
- Level B · journalMesenchymal Stem Cell Therapies Approved by Regulatory Agencies around the World (Fernández-Garza LE, et al., Pharmaceuticals 16(9):1334) — Pharmaceuticals (MDPI) · accessed Nov 10, 2026 · Evidence page
- Level A · governmentAlofisel: EPAR — European Medicines Agency · accessed Nov 10, 2026 · Evidence page
- Level E · industryTakeda Update on Alofisel (darvadstrocel) — Takeda Pharmaceutical Company · accessed Nov 11, 2026 · Evidence page
- Level D · industryNinth Circuit Confirms: Certain Stem Cell Products Require FDA Premarket Approval — Cooley LLP · accessed Nov 11, 2026 · Evidence page
- Level B · journalEfficacy and safety of autologous adipose tissue-derived stem cell therapy for children with refractory Crohn's complex fistula: a Phase IV clinical study — Annals of Surgical Treatment and Research (Cho YJ et al.; via PubMed Central) · accessed Nov 11, 2026 · Evidence page
- Level A · government再生・細胞医療・遺伝子治療について（再生医療等安全性確保法・再生医療等提供計画・認定再生医療等委員会） — 厚生労働省 · accessed Nov 12, 2026 · Evidence page
- organization幹細胞を用いた自由診療についての日本再生医療学会からの声明 — 一般社団法人 日本再生医療学会 · accessed Nov 12, 2026 · Evidence page
- Level A · government再生医療等製品（承認品目・審査報告書） — 独立行政法人 医薬品医療機器総合機構（PMDA） · accessed Oct 11, 2026 · Evidence page