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What is the difference between embryonic stem cells and iPS cells?

Published Sep 18, 2026Updated Sep 19, 2026Last verified Sep 18, 2026Requests recorded in this site’s own server logs, with the crawler identity checked by reverse DNS or IP range.Google8First collected Sep 18, 2026Recent requestsGoogleSep 20, 2026GoogleSep 19, 2026GoogleSep 19, 2026GoogleSep 19, 2026GoogleSep 19, 2026GoogleSep 19, 2026GoogleSep 19, 2026GoogleSep 18, 2026
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Quick answer

Both can form all three embryonic germ layers. They differ in where they come from. Embryonic stem cells are taken from early embryos (blastocysts); human lines were first reported in 1998. Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS cells) are made by adding a small set of genes to mature cells, a method first shown in mouse cells in 2006. iPS cells avoid using embryos and can be made from a patient's own cells for disease research.

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Answer

The 2012 Nobel Prize recognised the discovery that mature cells can be reprogrammed to become pluripotent [4]. [3]

Sources

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  2. governmentNCI Dictionary of Cancer Terms: stem cell — National Cancer Institute (NCI) · accessed Sep 20, 2026 · Evidence page
  3. academicEmbryonic Stem Cell Lines Derived from Human Blastocysts (Thomson et al., Science 282:1145–1147) — Science (AAAS); course copy hosted by University of Illinois · accessed Sep 19, 2026 · Evidence page
  4. newsNobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2012 awarded for discovery that mature cells can be reprogrammed to become pluripotent — ScienceDaily (Nobel Assembly at Karolinska Institutet release) · accessed Sep 19, 2026 · Evidence page
  5. governmentStem Cell Transplants in Cancer Treatment — National Cancer Institute · accessed Sep 19, 2026 · Evidence page
  6. governmentHoloclar – EPAR — European Medicines Agency · accessed Sep 20, 2026 · Evidence page
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  8. organizationStem Cell Resources for Patients — International Society for Stem Cell Research (ISSCR) · accessed Sep 20, 2026 · Evidence page
  9. news규제 완화 3년 허가 0건...안풀리는 줄기세포치료제 — 데일리팜 (Dailypharm) · accessed Sep 19, 2026 · Evidence page
  10. industry첨단재생의료 및 첨단바이오의약품 안전 및 지원에 관한 법률의 개정 및 시행과 그 시사점 — 법무법인(유) 세종 · accessed Sep 20, 2026 · Evidence page
  11. journalA Comparative Analysis of the Advances in Stem Cell Therapy in Plastic Surgery: A Systematic Review of Current Applications and Future Directions — Cureus (via PubMed Central) · accessed Sep 19, 2026 · Evidence page